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Pronouns:
Personal pronouns:
1. subject pronouns:
e.g1: When he comes back from vacation, Bob and I plan to look for another apartment.
In such situation, we prefer other people’s name to the pronoun ‘I’ for politeness.
e.g2: It is we people who require quality education.
We can use the subject pronouns after ‘be verb’
e.g3: You professors make us happy by giving good marks.
Use of ‘we’ and ‘plural you’ directly before nouns
2. Object pronouns:
e.g4: Us students like our teacher’s good marks.
‘Us’ instead of ‘we’
e.g5: The Bridge wasn’t strong enough to drive over it.
Not … to drive over it. - In this example ‘it’ is dropped because it refers to bridge and it is after infinitive
Notes on ‘It’:
e.g6: It’s pleasant to lie in the sun.
Sometimes we use ‘it’ to make the sentence ready for bringing an infinitive, a gerund or even a noun clause.
e.g7: Last night I ran out of petrol. It really taught me a good lesson.
‘It’ refers to an event
Notes on ‘One’:
e.g8: Which is your boy? - The one in the blue coat.
‘One’ substitutes a countable noun
e.g9: Don’t use powdered milk. Use this fresh milk.
We can not use ‘one’ instead of ‘milk’
Note1: We can leave out ‘one(s)’ immediately after which, this, that, either, neither, another and superlatives but we can not leave out one(s) if there is an adjective. Compare:
e.g10: I think his dog’s the fastest.
I think his dog the fastest one.
This blue one looks the nicest.
Possessive pronouns:
e.g11: An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
‘Whose’ as a possessive adjective
Note2: We sometimes use articles instead of possessive adjectives. This happens when you are talking about blows, pains and other things that refer to parts of people’s bodies:
e.g12: The ball hit him on the head.
e.g13: She’s got a pain in the stomach.
Note3: The structure: some/ each/ a etc + noun+ of+ possessive pronoun:
e.g14: He’s a friend of mine.
e.g15: He watched each gesture of hers as if she was a stranger.
Note4:
e.g16: Vicky and George would like to have their own house.
‘One’s own’ states that something is only mine/ yours etc, not shared or borrowed
Reflexive pronouns:
e.g17: I like the master himself, not his good marks.
Himself for emphasize
e.g18: Can you fetch my bags, please? - Fetch them yourself.
Reflexive is used in (often rude) rejoinders
Note5: We use ‘do it yourself’ to refer to decorating, repairs etc that we do ourselves instead of employing others.
e.g19: I read about it in a do it yourself magazine.
e.g20: Julie had a great vacation. She enjoyed herself.
Note6: We do not use myself etc after bring/ take with …
e.g21: It might rain. I’ll take an umbrella with me.
Not … with myself
Note7: We do not use myself etc after verbs: concentrate/ feel/ relax/ meet:
e.g22: What time should we meet?
Not … meet ourselves
Question1: What’s the difference of these two sentences?
- The two bank clerks blamed themselves for the mistake.
- The two bank clerks blamed each other for the mistake.
Demonstrative pronouns:
Note8: This/ these can refer to situations and events which are going on or just about to start while that/ those can refer to situations and events which have just finished or which are more distant in the past. Compare:
e.g23: Listen to this. You’ll like it.
e.g24: That was nice. What was it?
e.g25: Now tell me about this new boyfriend of yours.
‘This’ to show interest
I don’t like that new boyfriend of yours.
‘That’ to show dislike
Indefinite pronouns:
Note9: When indefinite pronouns are subject, they are used with singular verbs:
e.g26: Everybody likes her.
Question2: What’s difference between some people and somebody?
e.g27: There is somebody outside who wants to talk to you.
e.g28: There are some people who want to talk to you.
Note10: They, them and their are often used with a singular meaning to refer back to somebody etc:
e.g29: If anybody wants a ticket for the concert, they can get it from my office.
e.g30: There is somebody at the door. –Tell them I’m busy.
e.g31: Somebody left their umbrella on the bus.
Yours Faithfully
